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суббота, 29 июня 2019 г.

On the origin of the Gravettians (Bennett et al. 2019 preprint)

Over at bioRxiv at this LINK. No major surprises, as far as I can see. From the preprint, emphasis is mine:



The Gravettian technocomplex was present in Europe from more than 30,000 years ago until the Last Glacial Maximum, but the source of this industry and the people who manufactured it remain unsettled. We use genome-wide analysis of a ~36,000-year-old Eastern European individual (BuranKaya3A) from Buran-Kaya III in Crimea, the earliest documented occurrence of the Gravettian, to investigate relationships between population structures of Upper Palaeolithic Europe and the origin and spread of the culture. We show BuranKaya3A to be genetically close to both contemporary occupants of the Eastern European plain and the producers of the classical Gravettian of Central Europe 6,000 years later. These results support an Eastern European origin of an Early Gravettian industry practiced by members of a distinct population, who contributed ancestry to individuals from much later Gravettian sites to the west.

The mitochondrial haplogroup of BuranKaya3A was determined to belong to an early branch of the N lineage, N1.

In addition, the N1 of BuranKaya3A carries three of the eight mutations occurring prior to N1b, a rare haplogroup most highly concentrated in the Near East, yet appearing broadly from western Eurasia to Africa. The descendants of the N1b node include N1b2, currently found only in Somalia [22], and N1b1b, found in nearly 10% of Ashkenazi Jewish haplogroups [23]. These three mutations allow us to place BuranKaya3A on a lineage apart from that which has been proposed to later enter Europe from Anatolia during the Neolithic (N1a1a) [24]. Among ancient samples, the mitochondrial sequence of an 11,000-year-old Epipalaeolithic Natufian from the Levant (“Natufian9”) [25] is also a later derivative of this N1b branch.

From the reads mapping to the Y chromosome, six out of six Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) that overlap with diagnostic sites for Y-haplogroup BT all carry the derived allele, allowing a minimum assignment to BT, which has origins in Africa, with additional derived alleles suggesting an eventual placement of CT or C, found in Asia and the Epipalaeolithic Near East [25]. Additional ancestral alleles make an assignment of C1a2 or C1b, which appear in UP Europe [1], unlikely (see Table S3 for a summary and comparative placement of Palaeolithic Y-haplogroups, and Supplementary Data 1 for a complete list of Y diagnostic SNPs).





Bennett et al., The origin of the Gravettians: genomic evidence from a 36,000-year-old Eastern European, bioRxiv, posted June 28, 2019, doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/685404

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